Constructions of spontaneous speech: an experience of systematization on modern corpus material

The article is devoted to the description of the experience of systematization of stable multi-word units (SMU) from the class of constructions (CS). CS are considered in the work from the position of the Grammar of Constructions, i.e. this class includes all SMUs that include not only constant components, but also variables (slots), which are designated by the symbols X and Y: <Х-у ne do Y-ка> ( mne ne do vas ), < iz Х-а v Х> ( izo dnya v den' ), <* takoe X * chto > ( takoe vpechatlenie, chto ) and so on. The study was conducted on a sample of 300 thousand word usages (195 speech episodes) from the corpus of Russian everyday communication "One Speech Day", i.e. the obtained inventory of CS reflects the real speech lexicon of a native Russian speaker, it is ordered by frequency, reduced to a set of invariants that can be realized in various contextual variations, and can also be compared with the vocabulary of the "Russian Constructicon" and, in part, the "Pragmatikon". The latter is ensured by the polyfunctionality of many CS, which, without losing the structure of the construction, can in certain communicative situations act as response remarks-reactions, qualified as speech formulas: <(*...) nu X> ( Nu vas! ), <(*...) X (Y-a) znaet > ( Kto ego znaet?! ). A systematized inventory of CS, especially at the level of speech variants, reflects all the innovations of modern communication, and therefore can be used in various applied aspects of linguistics, including automatic processing of natural language, creation of speech grammar and artificial intelligence models.