CRISPR-Cas9 and beyond: Expanding the Frontiers of Gene Editing

Gene editing technology, which allows for precise modifications to an organism’s genome, has emerged as a transformative tool in genetic engineering. This review introduces the fundamental concepts and mechanisms of gene editing, with a particular emphasis on CRISPR-Cas systems. The principles and methods used in the development and optimization of gene editing tools, including base editing and prime editing, are discussed. The review also summarizes the applications of gene editing in medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology, highlighting its potential to address complex biological challenges. Finally, the review outlines the current challenges and ethical considerations in the field of gene editing research.