Trends in distribution of harm-reduction equipment for persons who use drugs in Norway, 2016–2022. Archival analysis based on nationwide data collections

Harm-reduction strategies are interventions designed to mitigate the adverse effects of substance use, without requiring abstinence. Evidence supports the effectiveness and efficacy of harm reduction as a broad framework for addressing illicit drug use. To ensure the implementation of these measures, Center for Alcohol and Drug Research (KORFOR) was mandated by the Norwegian Directorate of Health in 2016 to annually assess municipalities' adherence to harm-reduction guidelines. This study aims to present national trends in the distribution of harm-reduction equipment for the prevention of infectious diseases, specifically needles and syringes and smoking foil. We investigated the proportion of distributing municipalities, additional equipment distributed (naloxone, condoms and lubricants, disposable toothbrushes, and cookers, filters, disinfection swabs, sterile water, and ascorbic acid), and the population coverage. Our findings indicate an increased coverage in the distribution of harm-reduction equipment in Norway between 2016 and 2022. This positive trend demonstrates progress in addressing the negative consequences of drug use and aligns with Norwegian national strategies to mitigate drug-related harms. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of these harm-reduction strategies and identify areas for improvement within the Norwegian context, especially related to use of opioid analgesics.