Epigenetic Alterations in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): From DNA Methylation to Histone Modifications

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a common age-related condition that results in the enlargement of the prostate gland, leading to symptoms such as frequent urination and urinary retention. While the pathogenesis of BPH has traditionally been linked to hormonal changes, recent studies have uncovered the crucial role of epigenetic alterations in its development. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs regulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence, influencing key biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. This review focuses on the impact of DNA methylation and histone modifications in BPH pathogenesis, with an emphasis on their potential as therapeutic targets. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of BPH at the epigenetic level provides valuable insights into the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this prevalent condition. Keywords: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia; Epigenetics; DNA Methylation; Histone Modifications; Prostate Enlargement