Examining the role of optimism, self-efficacy, and perceived control among adults

This study investigates how optimism and self-efficacy influence perceived control among Indian adults aged 18 to 36. These concepts are well-known in psychology, but few studies have looked at how they work together, especially in India. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 122 participants chosen intentionally. Standard tests measured optimism (Life Orientation Test-Revised), self-efficacy (General Self-Efficacy Scale), and perceived control (Lachman and Weaver’s Scale). For data analysis, Pearson correlation and multiple regression was used. Results showed a positive relationship between optimism and perceived control. The correlation was positive and significant (r = .297, p = .001), supporting the idea that optimism helps increase feelings of control. Self-efficacy, however, did not show a strong or significant connection (r = .140, p = .124). The regression analysis found that optimism and self-efficacy together explained about 10.3% of the variation in perceived control (R² = .103, p = .002). Among these, optimism was the stronger and only significant predictor (β = .289, p = .001). These findings highlight that optimism has a greater influence than self-efficacy on perceived control. They also suggest practical and theoretical implications, particularly the importance of developing mental health programs tailored to Indian culture. Focusing on boosting optimism could help improve personal control and mental strength. This research fills a gap in cross- cultural studies and offers ideas for creating effective programs to enhance well-being among Indian adults.