Ocular surface squamous neoplasia: A histopathological study in tertiary care eye hospital

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is the most prevalent non-pigmented malignancy affecting the ocular surface. It encompasses various conditions, including papilloma, conjunctival/corneal carcinoma in situ, squamous carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. OSSN is generally a localized, slow-growing tumor with a favorable prognosis; however, in rare instances, it may extend to the globe, sinuses, or orbit. Histological analysis remains the gold standard for diagnosing and classifying different OSSN types, providing valuable insight into disease prognosis. Early detection plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of local disease progression. All ocular surface specimens were processed by standard protocol and hematoxylin and eosin staining. About 18% of all ocular malignancies were constituted by Squamous cell carcinoma of ocular surface. Males were more commonly affected than females. 75% of OSSN were squamous cell carcinoma and 12.5% were carcinoma in situ. Most cases presented in malignant stage surpassing the premalignant CIN/CIS stage, indicating late diagnosis of the disease. The standard modality for treatment of OSSN has been wide surgical excision with “no-touch” technique and adjunctive cryotherapy.