Does Preconditioning with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Increase Transverse Rectus Abdominis Musculocutaneous (TRAM) Flap Viability? An Experimental Rat Model Study

TENS has been shown to effectively enhance flap viability when used as a preconditioning method in this experimental flap model with axial blood flow. It may be considered a simple preconditioning strategy for high-risk flap designs in clinical settings.