Policy and Governance Approaches to Strengthen Water and Food Safety Regulations for Typhoid Control in Uganda

Typhoid fever remains a major public health concern in Uganda, exacerbated by inadequate water quality, poor sanitation, and weak food safety regulations. Despite existing policies and regulatory frameworks, enforcement challenges, insufficient infrastructure, and limited public awareness continue to hinder effective disease prevention. This review examines Uganda’s current governance structures for water and food safety, highlighting gaps in policy enforcement and inter-agency coordination. It explores the role of public awareness, infrastructure development, and regulatory compliance in mitigating typhoid prevalence. Key recommendations include strengthening regulatory enforcement, enhancing inter-agency collaboration, expanding public-private partnerships, and investing in community-based hygiene interventions. Additionally, the review emphasizes the need for improved disease surveillance systems and innovative policy reforms to enhance water and food safety governance. Addressing these governance challenges will not only help reduce typhoid incidence but also contribute to Uganda’s broader public health and sustainable development goals. Keywords: Typhoid fever, water safety, food safety, sanitation, regulatory frameworks, Uganda.