Artificial Intelligence in International Immigration Management: A Comparative Legal Analysis of the United States, Canada, and the European Union

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a strategic technology that leads the future, and major developed countries worldwide regard its development as a significant strategy to enhance national competitiveness and maintain national security. Currently, the United States, Canada, and the European Union are actively exploring the application of AI in the field of immigration, gaining valuable experience. However, they also face risks and hidden dangers such as data security and technological dependency. This article conducts a comparative analysis of the practical cases and legal frameworks of AI application in international immigration management among the United States, Canada, and the EU. It delves into how these jurisdictions balance technological innovation with the protection of citizens' rights through their legal and regulatory mechanisms. The research focuses on specific instances of AI adoption in immigration services, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of their legal frameworks, and assessing their impact on the efficiency and security of immigration management.