Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome: an unusual case of peripheral nerve compression in a high-level baseball pitcher

Baseball pitchers have commonly been reported to have an increased risk of ulnar neuropathy due to throwing mechanics at the elbow. However, this patient population has a low incidence of other peripheral compressive neuropathies, including anterior interosseous nerve syndrome. We report a unique case of a 31-year-old male who presented with anterior interosseous nerve syndrome secondary to repetitive throwing. He had a favorable outcome following surgical decompression. This case demonstrates that clinicians should consider anterior interosseous nerve syndrome in the differential diagnosis when high-level baseball pitchers present with pain and weakness in the hand and forearm.