NAFLD and Liver Diseases: Prevalence and Associated Risks

Aim: Liver diseases are increasingly common in humans, with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) being one of the most prevalent conditions. This study aimed to assess the frequency of various liver diseases and identify the associated risk factors of NAFLD among patients at Chattogram Medical College Hospital (CMCH). Methods: This research was conducted over a six-month period at CMCH. Patients presenting with abdominal symptoms suggestive of liver disease and advised to undergo an ultrasound examination (USG) of the upper abdomen were initially screened. Those diagnosed with liver diseases via USG were subsequently interviewed using a structured questionnaire. A total of 253 patients with liver diseases were enrolled in the study, and their demographic, socio-economic, lifestyle, clinical, and treatment-related data were recorded. Results: Among the liver disease cases identified, NAFLD was the most prevalent, accounting for 81.05% of cases. The study found that females were more commonly affected, and individuals aged 30-60 years had the highest prevalence of NAFLD. Significant risk factors for NAFLD (P ≤ 0.05) included diabetes and frequent fast-food consumption. Regarding fatty liver severity, Grade 1 NAFLD was most common in females and the 30-60 years age group. Clinically, most NAFLD patients did not exhibit symptoms such as nausea, jaundice, abdominal swelling, or weakness, as reported in previous studies. The primary treatment approach included medication for diabetes, cholesterol, and triglycerides, alongside lifestyle modifications. Conclusion This study highlights NAFLD as the most common liver disease among patients at CMCH, underscoring the growing burden of this condition. The identification of significant risk factors emphasizes the importance of early detection and preventive strategies. Targeted interventions focusing on lifestyle changes and metabolic control could help reduce the incidence of NAFLD and its complications, ultimately improving liver health and patient outcomes in the studied population.