Evaluating the Impact of Mobile-Based Counseling on Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among Adolescents Living with HIV in Rural Uganda

Adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in rural Uganda face significant barriers to adhering to antiretroviral therapy (ART), including stigma, limited access to healthcare, and psychosocial challenges. As non-adherence undermines treatment efficacy and public health goals, innovative solutions are urgently needed. Mobile-based counseling has emerged as a promising strategy, leveraging widespread mobile phone use to deliver personalized, confidential, and timely support. This review critically evaluated the impact of mobile counseling on ART adherence among ALHIV in rural Uganda. Narrative review methodology was utilized to synthesize findings from empirical studies, theoretical models, and implementation frameworks relevant to mHealth and HIV care in resource-limited settings. Evidence suggests mobile interventions such as SMS reminders, voice calls, and app-based support can significantly improve adherence, foster stronger patient-provider communication, and enhance psychosocial wellbeing. Key success factors include adolescent-centered design, protection of privacy, and integration with existing health services. However, challenges such as unequal access to mobile technology, digital literacy, and program sustainability remain. Addressing these barriers through inclusive, context-specific solutions is critical for scale-up. Mobile-based counseling holds strong potential to transform adolescent HIV care in Uganda, offering a scalable, adaptable, and adolescent-friendly complement to traditional facility-based services. Keywords: Adolescent HIV Care, ART Adherence, Mobile Health (mHealth), Counseling Interventions, Rural Uganda.