Evaluating the Impact of Carrier Aggregation on LTE Performance in Zambian Urban

Carrier Aggregation (CA) is pivotal for enhancing LTE network performance in urban environments. This research investigated the practical impact of 2CA inter-band contiguous CA, combining 20 MHz and 10 MHz component carriers (CCs), on LTE networks in urban Zambia, focusing on downlink (DL) throughput and Physical Resource Block (PRB) utilization. While theoretical peak DL throughput for Category 6 User Equipment (UE) was 300 Mbps, this study examined real-world deviations and challenges faced by Mobile Network Operators (MNOs). Employing a mixed-methods approach, including drive and stationary tests, and analysis of network Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), the study assessed network performance before and after CA activation. Key challenges identified were spectrum availability and high spectrum auction costs. However, empirical data revealed significant end-user benefits. Peak user data rates reached 126.2 Mbps, a 129% increase over pre-CA conditions. Average throughput improved by 88%, from 36.17 Mbps to 68.14 Mbps. Additionally, PRB utilization decreased from 44.30% to 41.40%, indicating enhanced network efficiency. The findings confirm CA’s crucial role in optimizing LTE performance and meeting escalating urban data demands. This research provides valuable insights into CA deployment, highlighting its contribution to network advancement and improved user satisfaction, demonstrating that CA is a viable solution for enhancing LTE networks in densely populated areas.