Microstructure, Mechanical Strength, and Tribological Behavior of B4C/WS2-Hybrid-Reinforced B319 Aluminum Matrix Composites

Hybrid B319 aluminum matrix composites reinforced with 10 wt% B4C and varying WS2 contents were fabricated to improve mechanical and tribological performance. The composite containing 2 wt% WS2 showed the best overall results, with a 29% increase in microhardness (104.3 HV) and a 20% improvement in transverse rupture strength (196.3 MPa) compared to unreinforced B319. Additionally, the friction coefficient dropped by 64% (from 0.497 to 0.178), and the specific wear rate was reduced to 4.34 × 10−6 mm3/N·m. Microstructural analyses confirmed homogeneous reinforcement distribution and adequate interfacial bonding. These enhancements are attributed to the dual action of B4C-induced strengthening and WS2-mediated tribo-film formation, offering a promising solution for lightweight, wear-resistant components in engineering applications.