BUSINESS ECOSYSTEMS: CLASSIFICATION, TYPES, AND INTERACTION STRATEGIES IN THE DIGITAL AGE

The article is dedicated to the study of the phenomenon of business ecosystems, which have become a key element of the modern economy in the context of digitalization and globalization. The work presents a detailed classification of ecosystems based on various criteria: vertical and horizontal, centralized and decentralized, open, closed, and hybrid models. Each type of ecosystem is described in terms of its features, advantages, disadvantages, and examples of successful companies such as Tesla, Apple, Amazon. Particular attention is paid to analyzing strategies for interaction among ecosystem participants, as well as the challenges companies face in their creation and management. The article proposes a structured approach to classifying ecosystems that can be used for further analysis of their evolution, impact on innovative processes, and adaptation to changes in the market environment.