Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Sepsis

脓毒症是严重感染的一种并发症，其特征是全身炎症反应。严重脓毒症的脓毒症死亡率为25%~30%，脓毒性休克的死亡率为40%~70%。脓毒症仍然是全球死亡的主要原因之一。自1991年建立第一个共识定义以来，其发病率有所增加。提高脓毒症的认识、其重要性和对更好治疗的需求，导致了脓毒症定义和治疗指南的制定的改进。本文将介绍脓毒症和脓毒性休克的既往和新定义、既往识别和治疗指南以及最新的治疗建议。及时诊断对于脓毒症和脓毒性休克患者的结局至关重要。在识别脓毒症后的前6小时内完成早期目标导向治疗可显著降低院内死亡率。及时启动循证方案应可改善脓毒症结局。Sepsis is a complication of severe infection characterized by systemic inflammatory response. The mortality rate of severe sepsis is 25%~30%, and that of septic shock is 40%~70%. Sepsis remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Since the establishment of the first consensus definition in 1991, its incidence has increased. The improvement of awareness of sepsis, its importance, and the need for better treatment has led to the refinement of sepsis definitions and treatment guidelines. This article will introduce the past and new definitions of sepsis and septic shock, past identification and treatment guidelines, as well as the latest treatment recommendations. Timely diagnosis is crucial for the outcome of patients with sepsis and septic shock. Completing early goal-directed therapy within the first 6 hours after identifying sepsis can significantly reduce in-hospital mortality. Timely initiation of evidence-based protocols should improve sepsis outcomes.