Seasonal Distribution Characteristics of the Disease Spectrum of 1786 Pre-Hospital Emergency Patients and Optimisation of Emergency Response Strategies

目的：分析重庆医科大学附属第一医院院前急救患者的疾病谱特征及季节变化规律，为优化急救资源配置提供循证依据。方法：回顾性收集2023年2月1日~2024年1月31日重庆医科大学附属第一医院院前急救病例，统计患者性别、年龄、病种及呼叫时间等数据，结合季节变化进行多维度分析。结果：共收集患者1786例，其中男性918例(51.40%)，女性868例(48.60%)。院前急救人次与年龄呈正相关，老龄化趋势明显，高龄患者(>80岁)占比达22.06%。冬季急救需求显著少于其他季节，但高龄患者的占比却明显升高。除秋季以外，其余三个季节的男性患者占比相对较高。急救病种前六位依次为心脑血管疾病(35.05%)、创伤(22.40%)、呼吸系统疾病(10.64%)、消化系统疾病(10.09%)、心脏骤停(6.22%)和急性中毒(5.71%)；各季节主要病种构成相似，但主要病种占比有明显差异，夏季消化系统疾病较多，但心脑血管疾病则少于其他季节。急救呼叫高峰集中于08:00~09:59 (10.81%)，低谷期为04:00~05:59 (7.45%)，季节间高峰时段分布差异显著(春季08:00~09:59，夏季10:00~11:59，秋季20:00~21:59，冬季08:00~09:59)。结论：院前急救以高龄患者为主，冬季急救需求相对较少；疾病谱、性别、呼叫高峰时间段均存在季节差异。建议基于时间与季节特征动态配置急救资源，强化创伤与心肺复苏培训，并针对高危人群开展季节性健康干预。Objective: To analyze the characteristics of the disease spectrum and seasonal variations in pre-hospital emergency patients at The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, providing evidence-based insights for optimizing emergency resource allocation. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on pre-hospital emergency cases from February 1, 2023, to January 31, 2024. Data on patient gender, age, disease type, and call time were collected and analyzed across seasons. Results: A total of 1786 cases were included, comprising 918 males (51.40%) and 868 females (48.60%). Pre-hospital emergency demand correlated positively with age, reflecting a pronounced aging trend, with advanced-age patients (>80 years) accounting for 22.06%. Winter exhibited significantly lower emergency demand than other seasons, yet the proportion of advanced-age patients increased notably. Males predominated in three seasons (excluding autumn). The top six emergency conditions were cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (35.05%), trauma (22.40%), respiratory diseases (10.64%), digestive disorders (10.09%), cardiac arrest (6.22%), and acute poisoning (5.71%). While disease categories were similar across seasons, their proportions varied significantly: digestive disorders peaked in summer, while cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases decreased. Emergency call volume peaked at 08:00~09:59 (10.81%) and reached its lowest at 04:00~05:59 (7.45%), with distinct seasonal peak-hour patterns (spring: 08:00~09:59; summer: 10:00~11:59; autumn: 20:00~21:59; winter: 08:00~09:59). Conclusion: Pre-hospital emergencies predominantly involve advanced-age patients, with lower winter demand. Seasonal differences exist in disease spectrum, gender distribution, and peak call times. Recommendations include dynamic resource allocation based on temporal and seasonal patterns, enhanced trauma and CPR training, and seasonal health interventions for high-risk populations.