Research Progress on the Pathogenesis of Neurodermatitis and Its External Treatment in Traditional Chinese Medicine

神经性皮炎以阵发性皮肤瘙痒及苔藓样皮损为主要特征，其发病与神经精神因素、免疫与内分泌机制异常紧密相关。中医理论认为，该病多由风、热、湿、虫邪侵袭肌肤，加之情志内伤、血燥风毒所致。本文综述了神经性皮炎(慢性单纯性苔藓)的中西医研究进展，探讨了该病的病因病机、发病机制及中医外治法在该病治疗中的应用与疗效，旨在总结神经性皮炎的中西医治疗进展，为临床提供科学依据，并展望未来的研究方向。Neurodermatitis is primarily characterized by paroxysmal cutaneous pruritus and lichenoid skin lesions, and its onset is closely related to neuropsychiatric factors, as well as abnormalities in immune and endocrine mechanisms. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, the disease often results from the invasion of the skin by wind, heat, dampness, and parasitic pathogens, combined with emotional trauma and blood dryness with wind toxin. This paper reviews the research progress in both western medicine and TCM on neurodermatitis (lichen simplex chronicus), exploring its etiology, pathogenesis, and the application and efficacy of TCM external therapies in its treatment. The aim is to provide a scientific basis for clinical practice, and propose future research directions.