Advances in the Application of Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (SWI) in Central Nervous System Diseases

中枢神经系统疾病已成为我国最常见的疾病之一，磁共振成像(MRI)已经广泛用于中枢神经系统疾病的筛查、诊断及随访，磁敏感加权成像(SWI)作为一种先进的磁共振成像技术，利用由各种顺磁性(脱氧血红蛋白、血液分解产物)、抗磁性(钙)或含氧血液产生的局部场不均匀性，从而提供基于磁化率的造影剂，因此SWI常作为颅内疾病MRI检查的补充序列。本综述系统地探讨了SWI在中枢神经系统常见疾病的应用价值，其中包括急性缺血性脑卒中、弥漫性轴索损伤、帕金森病、脑血管畸形、脑胶质瘤。Central nervous system (CNS) diseases have become the most prevalent category of disorders in China. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely utilized for screening, diagnosis, and follow-up of intracranial pathologies. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), an advanced MRI technique, exploits local field inhomogeneities generated by paramagnetic substances (deoxyhemoglobin, blood degradation products), diamagnetic materials (calcium), or oxygenated blood to produce susceptibility-based contrast. Consequently, SWI is frequently incorporated as a supplementary sequence in MRI protocols for intracranial disease evaluation. This review systematically examines the clinical value of SWI in common intracranial disorders, including acute ischemic stroke, diffuse axonal injury (DAI), Parkinson’s disease, cerebrovascular malformations, and glioma.