A Retrospective Study on Post-Cholecystectomy Syndrome Following Minimally Invasive Surgery

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the gold standard for treating symptomatic gallstones. However, a subset of patients continues to experience post - cholecystectomy syndrome (PCS), a condition characterized by persistent abdominal symptoms following gallbladder removal. Objective: To analyze the incidence, clinical presentation, and possible etiological factors of PCS following minimally invasive surgery. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 200 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy from January 2020 to December 2023. Data was collected from hospital records and follow - up visits. Patients presenting with PCS symptoms at 6 months or more postoperatively were included for evaluation. Results: Of the 200 patients, 28 (14%) developed PCS. The most common symptoms were dyspepsia (46.4%), upper abdominal pain (32.1%), and bloating (21.4%). The majority of cases (71.4%) occurred within the first year post - surgery. Common etiologies included biliary dyskinesia (25%), retained common bile duct stones (21.4%), and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (17.8%). Ultrasonography and MRCP were instrumental in diagnosis. Medical management was effective in 67.8% of the cases, while 32.1% required endoscopic or surgical intervention. Conclusion: PCS remains a significant postoperative concern even after minimally invasive surgery. Early identification and management of underlying causes can reduce long - term morbidity. Further prospective studies are recommended to refine diagnostic protocols and preventive strategies.