Advances in Antibody Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline and memory impairment. Its main pathological hallmarks include -amyloid (A) plaque deposition and abnormal tau protein aggregation. In recent years, antibody therapy against A and tau proteins has emerged as an important direction in AD therapeutic research due to its high specificity and clear mechanism of action. This paper reviews the mechanism of action of A monoclonal antibodies, including their roles in A clearance, immune system activation and blood-brain barrier regulation. Additionally, this paper discusses the latest advances in antibody therapy, including approved drugs and drug candidates in clinical trials. The findings indicate that although antibody therapy has slowed the progression of AD to a certain extent, it still presents many challenges in terms of cognitive improvement, safety and clinical trial design. Future research directions include multi-target combination therapy, precision medicine, and early intervention to improve the effectiveness and safety of antibody therapy.