Research Progress: The Ultra-Processed Foods Contribute to Micronutrient Deficiencies in Modern Diets

Micronutrient deficiency, commonly known as Hidden Hunger, has raised significant discussion in recent years, affecting more than 2 billion people worldwide. This review examines how Ultra-processed Foods (UPFs) amplify such deficiencies in modern diets. Characterized by industrial formulations and complex processing methods, UPFs are rich in additives but poor in essential vitamins and minerals. Their growing dominance in contemporary food systems can be associated with their convenience, affordability, and palatability. However, the extensive processing methods used in their production strip them of their natural nutritional values while integrating excessive processed sugars, fats, and sodium, contributing to the global burden of nutritional imbalances. Epidemiological studies have highlighted a distinct association between a high UPF-composed diet and increased risk of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndromes, and micronutrient deficiencies, posing threats, particularly among vulnerable populations. Mainstream methods currently used to tackle hidden hunger include fortification and supplementation, yet these measures fail to replicate the synergistic benefits of the consumption of whole foods. This review underscores the urgent need for multifaceted interventions through national and global policies, including taxation, market restriction, and promotion of educational programs, ultimately in hopes of reducing UPF reliance and promoting dietary diversity and equality. To align with Sustainable Development Goals, global cooperation is needed to address Hidden Hunger and ensure equitable access to unprocessed or minimally processed food.