Exploring the Therapeutic Potential and Mechanisms of Marine Omega-3 PUFAs in Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA), as a degenerative joint disease, severely impacts life qualities of patients. With intensification of global aging and changes in modern lifestyles and dietary habits, its incidence has been rising annually among both middle-aged/elderly populations and younger groups. Currently, there is no cure for OA; therapeutic strategies primarily rely on anti-inflammatory agents, pain relief, and joint maintenance, most of which exhibit significant side effects. Marine Omega-3 PUFAs, the polyunsaturated fatty acids essential during human growth and metabolism, have demonstrated notable efficacy in OA treatment in recent years. This review systematically explores the potential roles and mechanisms of Marine Omega-3 PUFAs in OA management from multiple perspectives, including molecular pathways, in vitro experiments, and clinical studies; highlights their unique functions, such as reducing inflammatory cytokine levels, exerting antioxidant effects, and providing mechanical protection to chondrocytes. Representative applications in OA therapy are summarized, alongside discussions on current research limitations, developmental challenges, and future prospects for Marine Omega-3 PUFAs.