Quantum Security: An Overview of Quantum Cryptography

Recent years have witnessed a furious race for quantum technologies in both academia and industry, driven by the rapid progress in quantum cryptography. The traditional cryptography faces the risk of being deciphered. Thus, traditional ways of transmitting information are not safe anymore. For those reasons, future information transmission needs to use quantum cryptography. This paper explores the two most important ways to achieve quantum security: Quantum Key Distribution and Post Quantum Cryptography. This study also investigates the synergistic integration of these two methodologies within quantum security systems, including their background, current mainstream technology, the encountered problems, some ways to solve them and future directions. Through the method of literature review, the paper finds that Quantum Key Distribution and Post Quantum Cryptography are important in protecting information security in the future, but they are still imperfect and have many problems that need to be solved, including technical immaturity, interoperability constraints, and scalability bottlenecks that demand global cooperation.