Effects of Vitamin C Supplementation on Total Antioxidant Status, Inflammation, and Histopathological Changes in Aged Rats

This study aims to determine the effect of orally administered vitamin C (Vit C) supplementation on physiological and histopathological changes in aged rats of different genders. A total of 28 Sprague-Dawley aged male and female rats were randomly divided into four groups of seven animals per group. The study groups included the aged male control (MC), aged male with Vit C (MVC) (500 mg/kg vitamin C, orally) supplementation, female aged control (FC), and female aged with vitamin C (FVC) (500 mg/kg vitamin C, orally) supplementation groups. At the end of the study, which lasted 31 days, blood, brain, heart, liver, and kidney tissues were collected from rats under ketamine (87 mg/kg) and xylazine (13 mg/kg) anesthesia. The results indicated that although Vit C supplementation had no effect on serum Vit C levels, gender had an effect on serum Vit C levels (p < 0.05). However, Vit C supplementation and gender did not affect serum IL-6, IL-1β, TOS, and OSI levels (p > 0.05). Vit C supplementation, without the effect of gender, significantly increased TNF-α levels in MVC groups compared to MC groups (p < 0.05), while it significantly decreased them in FVC groups compared to FC groups (p < 0.05). In addition, Vit C significantly reduced histopathological alterations in brain, heart, and liver tissues associated with aging, including oxidative stress and inflammation. In conclusion, it was observed that orally administered 500 mg/kg Vit C supplementation to old rats is not an effective way to increase the Vit C pool in the body, but gender has an impact on the blood Vit C concentrations.