A Moderating Role of Gender Differences Model

The purpose of this research was to advance the existing knowledge to develop a conceptual model that depicts the moderating influence of gender in the association between health-related fitness, depressive symptoms, and self-esteem among adolescents. The research employed quantitative data collection techniques. In total, 158 adolescents who are between the ages of 12 and 15 are middle school students in the Sulaimani Region of Kurdistan/Iraq. The data was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and calculated descriptive statistics employing SPSS software. The findings indicated a positive association between depressive symptoms and self-esteem for both male and female genders. Conversely, it was established that for both genders, muscular endurance has a positive relationship with self-esteem. Conversely, body composition correlates negatively with self-esteem among females. On the other hand, body composition and self-esteem showed no remarkable association for males. Notably, in females, there was no significant relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and self-esteem; however, for males, a relationship proving a direct correlation was established. Finally, among either gender, flexibility did not display a significant association with self-esteem. The study's findings emphasize the relationship between health-related fitness, depressive symptoms, and self-esteem in adolescents, regardless of gender. The findings showed that the tested conceptual model was applicable, dependable, and practical within the school environment. This study highlights the significance of advocating for physical fitness and mental health promotion for adolescents’ wellness.