INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SYSTEMIC EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Background. The Russian-Ukrainian war, the modern Arab-Israeli war, the inaction of the UN, namely the ignoring of the sovereignty of Ukraine, which has been an independent country since 1991, the ignoring of inhuman behavior towards the people of Israel, who were brutally killed on October 7, 2024 by people from the Gaza Strip under by the leadership of the terrorist organization Hamas, as well as the condemnation of Israel after using counter-terrorist methods that appear to the UN to be more inhumane than previous events, the inaction of the UN regarding the deployment of the Chinese army around Taiwan, as well as China's declaration of strong intentions return Taiwan to the territory of the motherland (China), which may lead to a confrontation between the United States and China, the problem between Venezuela and Guyana over territory and access to oil fields has not disappeared. Europe, the Middle East, the Far East and Latin America are all regions that are in a very difficult geopolitical situation, which can lead to an even more deplorable situation that will cause a crisis and another world war. Methods. The article outlines the methods used to analyze the institutional structure of global governance and the systemic evolution of international relations. The research employs a combination of historical analysis, comparative institutional studies, and geopolitical evaluation to examine the effectiveness of international organizations, particularly the United Nations. The study also integrates theoretical frameworks, such as the concept of multipolarity and ultrapolarity, to propose a new model of global governance. Results. The research in the article analyzes modern international organizations, highlighting their limitations in responding to the latest geopolitical challenges. The author points out that organizations such as the UN are losing effectiveness due to outdated governance mechanisms and internal conflicts of interest. This makes it impossible to adequately respond to global challenges, including security, economic development, the environment and human rights. Researchers also emphasize the inability of existing international structures to ensure a fair distribution of power and resources, which leads to further destabilization of the international system. Conclusions. The current state of global governance, as demonstrated by the inefficiencies and shortcomings of international organizations like the United Nations, is inadequate for addressing the complexities of the 21st century. The multipolar world order, characterized by the dominance of a few powerful states, has led to geopolitical tensions and conflicts, emphasizing the need for a more equitable and effective system.