Advances in the Treatment of Nonmetastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer

Based on the results of several clinical trials, neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and perioperative PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies were established as standards of care in the treatment of stage IIA–III resectable non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in the absence of driver alterations, such as EGFR mutations and ALK fusions, and contraindications. Patients harboring common EGFR mutations (E19del or L858R) or ALK fusions have also been found to benefit from targeted therapies in the adjuvant setting. As the treatment landscape continues to expand, the prevention and control of adverse events must be prioritized to maximize patient benefit. The NCCN Guidelines for NSCLC reflect the most up-to-date, evidence-based data relating to the treatment of nonmetastatic NSCLC and immunotherapy-related toxicities.