Role of Post-Operative Rehabilitation in TM Joint Arthritis: Functional Outcomes of Interposition Trapeziectomy vs. Prosthesis

<b>Background</b>: Trapeziometacarpal (TM) joint arthritis is a common condition causing pain and functional limitations, particularly in activities requiring pinch and grip strength. Surgical options such as interposition trapeziectomy and prosthetic joint replacement have demonstrated varying degrees of success. However, the role of post-operative rehabilitation in optimizing outcomes for these procedures remains underexplored. Effective rehabilitation may be critical for restoring strength, range of motion (ROM), and overall hand function; yet, no consensus exists on the best approach for either surgical modality. This study aims to evaluate the impact of post-operative rehabilitation on functional and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing interposition trapeziectomy versus prosthetic replacement for TM joint arthritis. <b>Methods</b>: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients treated for TM joint arthritis between November 2023 and October 2024. Patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical procedure: interposition trapeziectomy and prosthetic replacement. Patients randomly followed post-operative rehabilitation protocols, auto-assisted exercises, or no type of rehabilitation. The outcomes assessed included pain (VAS), return to work or heavy activities, post-operative complications, hand function (DASH score), and patient satisfaction at 1 and 6 months after surgery. <b>Results</b>: The prosthesis group consisted of 30 patients, while 31 patients underwent interposition trapeziectomy. Patients in both groups showed good improvements in pain, ROM, and hand function post rehabilitation. The prosthetic group demonstrated a faster recovery of strength and higher early satisfaction scores, but in the long term, the results were overlapping. No significant differences were observed in long-term functional outcomes or patient satisfaction at 6 months. In the trapeziectomy group, for patients who followed a rehabilitation program, no significant differences were found. <b>Conclusions</b>: Post-operative rehabilitation finds its place in recovery after both interposition trapeziectomy and prosthetic replacement for TM joint arthritis. While prosthetic replacement allows for quicker functional recovery, interposition trapeziectomy offers comparable long-term results with a lower complication profile. Tailored rehabilitation protocols may enhance outcomes and should be considered an integral part of TM joint arthritis management in selected patients.