Excess of fusion frames: A comprehensive approach

Computing the excess as a method of measuring the redundancy of frames was recently introduced to address certain issues in frame theory. In this paper, the concept of excess for fusion frames is studied. Then, several explicit methods are provided to compute the excess of fusion frames and their [Formula: see text]-duals. In particular, some upper bounds for the excess of [Formula: see text]-dual fusion frames are established. It turns out that, unlike ordinary frames, for every [Formula: see text] we can provide a fusion frame with its [Formula: see text]-dual whose the difference of their excess is [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, the connection between the excess of fusion frames and their orthogonal complement is completely characterized. Finally, several examples are exhibited to confirm the obtained results.