Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy: An Emerging Cardiovascular Risk to Hemodialysis and Non-Hemodialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients of Primary Renal Diagnosis

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease. A dysfunctional autonomic nervous system may be the underlying cause. However, very few studies have determined the status of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in both non-hemodialysis and hemodialysis CKD patients. Objectives: The present study intended to determine and compare CAN in both non-hemodialysis and hemodialysis CKD patients of primary renal diagnosis only and its correlation with the progression of the disease. Methods: Non-hemodialysis and hemodialysis [...]