Biosynthesis of Nano Calcium Hydrates via Essential Oils for Antimicrobial, Antifungal and Catalytic Applications

Environmental protection is a hot research area in the recent time owing to rapid industrialization which is an alarming sign for the whole word. Essential oils as bioactive compounds have broad spectrum of antimicrobial and catalytic applications. This research highlights the potential reducing and capping ability of Syzygium aromaticum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Elettaria cardamomum for biosynthesis of Nano calcium hydrates (CH NPs). Pure essential oils have been used rather than their extracts from plants, just to specify the key reducing agent contributing toward reduction and stabilization of synthesized nanoparticles. The prepared Nano calcium hydrates (CH NPs) were characterized by using Dynamic laser light scattering, UV–Visible spectroscopy, FTIR-spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results verified that calcium hydroxide nanoparticles fabricated via C. zeylanicum were found to have smaller particle size (27–32[Formula: see text]nm) as compared to Syzygium aromaticum (80–94[Formula: see text]nm) and E. cardamomum (34–40[Formula: see text]nm). All the samples fabricated had shown better antimicrobial activities against Candida Albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae with clear zones of inhibition that ranges between 6[Formula: see text]nm and 24[Formula: see text]nm. Fast green and Allura red dye degradation was studied and reported by testing the prepared samples which had shown very strong catalytic abilities. The fabricated nanoparticles will have a better contribution in the field of environmental protection.