Approaches to Non-Pharmacological Modulation of Neural and Immune Communication: Therapeutic Potential of Vibration Stimulation

Nowadays, principles of neuromuscular system activation using vibration-mediated, intensive reflex stimulation are employed in addition to conventional physical activity for clinical rehabilitation or sports performance. Studies show that vibration training is an effective, non-pharmacological way to improve various body functions, which can effectively rehabilitate movement disorders and muscle weakness, as well as treat hormonal and metabolic disorders, osteoporosis, cardiorespiratory disorders, and age-related disorders. Immune dysfunction and age-related changes are closely associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Recent data demonstrate the positive effects of vibration training on immune responses and higher integrative brain functions, suggesting a promising therapeutic approach for treating nervous system diseases. This article evaluates the effects of vibration training for neuromuscular stimulation on cellular and molecular pathways involved in neuroimmune communications and systematizes the available data on the potential use of this non-pharmacological option for treatment of neurological and immune disorders. Various vibration training programs demonstrate their effectiveness and multifunctional performance in treating deficits and could be a promising addition to conventional exercise and physical rehabilitation options. However, the effects of proprioceptive stimulation by vibration training on the nervous system and the associated immune response remain to be elucidated. Therefore, research in various animal models and in human, as well as a comprehensive evaluation of the results and therapeutic effectiveness, will contribute to a deeper, more systematic understanding of this technology's effects on human health.