Cerium oxide particles a review: From their synthesis to their physico-chemical characterization, applications to drug delivery field

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO 2 particles) are exceptional lanthanide nanomaterials noted for their redox activity, oxygen storage capacity, and free radical scavenging abilities, making them highly regarded in biomedical applications due to their surface self-regeneration and other beneficial properties. In this review, we present nanoengineering methods, which have produced increased nanoceria performance in biomedical applications. More precisely, this review presents: (1) the methods of synthesis for either non- and porous cerium oxide particles will be briefly discussed; (2) the focus will be on the parameters of CeO 2 particles that have an impact on their biological properties and their use, (3) example for application in drug delivery and (4) future outlook of the cerium oxide nanoparticle.