Computational fluid dynamic and machine learning modeling of nanofluid flow for determination of temperature distribution and models comparison

This paper introduces an approach to temperature prediction by employing three distinct machine learning models: K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), and Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) which are integrated into Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The dataset consists of inputs, represented by the features x and y, and the corresponding output, which is the temperature. The case study is fluid flow of nanofluid through a pipe and the nanofluid contains CuO particles. To enhance model efficacy, the Political Optimizer (PO) algorithm was utilized for fine-tuning purposes. The findings substantiate the capability of the optimized frameworks in delivering precise temperature estimations. GPR yielded a notable R² value of 0.998, reflecting a strong concordance between the estimated and actual measurements. In a comparable manner, the KNN approach exhibited outstanding predictive performance, also attaining an R² value of 0.998. MLP, although slightly lower in performance compared to the other models, still proves to be a reliable predictor of temperature values, with an R-squared score of 0.984. Overall, the combination of the PO algorithm and the machine learning models showcases promising results in temperature prediction. The study's findings offer valuable insights for decision-making processes in a variety of domains that rely on accurate temperature forecasting.