Effect of early postoperative physical therapy on respiratory function after cardiac surgery: an observational study

Introduction. Recovery of respiratory function after median sternotomy is essential for successful outcomes in cardiac surgical procedures. Physical therapy, particularly early mobilization in the intensive care unit (ICU), is increasingly recognized as a key component in accelerating postoperative recovery. This study involved patients with coronary artery disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and heart valve replacement. The aim was to determine the impact of early mobilization on respiratory parameters during the acute phase of recovery. Regression analysis was used to quantify the effectiveness of physical therapy in improving respiratory function. Methods. The sample consisted of 38 women and 62 men. Data analysis was conducted using the bootstrap method and the Wilcoxon test to examine the effects of physical therapy on arterial blood gases (PCO₂, PO₂) and to compare outcomes between groups receiving therapy on the first postoperative day (POD1) versus the second postoperative day (POD2). Predictors of respiratory function improvement were assessed using regression analysis. Discussion. Early mobilization demonstrated a significant positive effect on respiratory parameters across all patients. Earlier initiation of physical therapy was associated with better outcomes. Body mass index (BMI) emerged as a risk factor negatively influencing PCO₂ improvement and was correlated with prolonged ICU stays. The surgical procedure type influenced better PCO₂ values. Conclusion. Early mobilization underscores the importance of enhancing postoperative respiratory status.