Smoke Level Monitoring and Alerting in Automobiles using IoT

Vehicle emissions significantly exacerbate air pollution, releasing harmful gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf>), and hydrocarbons (HC) from poorly maintained engines and inefficient combustion processes. The study presents an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system to monitor the emissions, which mainly includes key pollutants like CO, NO<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf>, and HC in real-time. Strategically positioned gas sensors near the vehicle's exhaust capture emission data, which an Arduino microcontroller processes with high accuracy. The system delivers continuous gas level updates via an LCD display and leverages an IoT framework to ensure seamless integration of sensors, microcontrollers, and mobile devices. This connectivity enables real-time data transmission and remote alerting, enhancing emission management. When pollutant levels surpass predefined safety thresholds, the system triggers immediate alerts through a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) module (SIM 900) via SMS to the vehicle owner's mobile, complemented by an audible buzzer. This alert notification encourages timely maintenance, reducing emissions and improving vehicle performance and contributing to cleaner air.