Estimating the Effects of Emission Charges on Moped Choice Switching

Concerns about climate change drive policies to encourage the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). One approach to promoting the uptake of EVs is differentiated pricing based on vehicle emissions, which internalizes external environmental costs and provides economic incentives to switch from fuel vehicles. This study examines the impact of emissions charges as part of the total operation cost and how these charges could make relatively cost-effective electric mopeds (E-mopeds) and influence the switching behavior of users of fuel-powered mopeds. A stated preference (SP) survey was conducted among 205 Taiwanese fuel-powered moped users, presenting them with three moped options: fuel-powered, battery-swappable, and rechargeable. The latent class multinomial logit (LCCM) model was used to analyze preference heterogeneity and identify the key determinants influencing vehicle choice. The results revealed four distinct groups based on socio-economic characteristics and usage patterns: preferred fuel type, swappable type, rechargeable type, and E-moped type. The class profiles and sensitivity analyses provide insights into the differences in choice propensity among these groups and offer guidance for policymakers seeking to design effective policies that accelerate the adoption of E-mopeds and contribute to long-term environmental goals. The results suggest that strategic interventions, such as expanding charging networks, reducing charging times, and introducing financial incentives, could foster a transition to E-mobilization.