Design of a DGS Based Compact Wideband Microstrip Antenna for 5G Frequency Band Applications

Microstrip antennas are popular in wireless communication because these antennas are compact, lightweight, and easy to integrate with MMICs. In this work, the design of a DGS based compact wideband microstrip antenna for 5G frequency band applications has been discussed. The proposed antenna configuration suggests a design approach to achieve wide bandwidth within the small microstrip antenna size. The designed antenna is configured with a top patch which has multiple cuts and a Z-shaped bottom defective ground structure (DGS) over the roger RT/duroid 5880 substrates. The antenna design and its performance evaluation have been carried out using CST Microwave Studio 3D electromagnetic simulation software. The designed antenna has been engineered and fine-tuned to create and combine two bands, resulting in a wide -10dB operational bandwidth. The designed antenna covers a -10dB impedance bandwidth that lies from 1.5 GHz to 2.5 GHz. The designed antenna shows compactness with total footprint area of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">${0.33} \lambda_0 \times 0.33 \lambda_0$</tex>. Here <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\lambda_{0}$</tex> denotes the wavelength of electromagnetic wave travelling in vacuum at the center frequency of 2 GHz. Furthermore, the designed antenna offers an average broadside gain of 3.32 dB and a radiation efficiency of 98.45% across the entire operational bandwidth. The design strikes a balance between size and performance, making it an excellent choice for 5G applications.