Development of a System to Monitor and Maximize Health of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used to power portable electronic devices due to their high energy density and rechargeability. Their lightweight design and efficient performance also make them ideal for electric vehicles, providing longer ranges and shorter charging times. However, a key disadvantage is their limited number of charge and discharge cycles, which reduce their lifespan. This lifespan can be further reduced if the batteries are used in unmonitored or uncontrolled conditions. Additionally, the highly reactive chemical composition of these batteries complicates disposal. Operating them outside their specified voltage, temperature, and current ranges can negatively affect performance and longevity. To address this, a system was developed to prevent the battery from operating beyond its specified range, incorporating safety limits to improve health and extend lifespan, thus reducing e-waste. Using a Wi-Fi-enabled ESP8266 microcontroller, an Arduino UNO development board, temperature and current sensors, and a web server, an IoT-based system was created to monitor key battery parameters in real time, such as open circuit and load voltage, internal resistance, current, and temperature. The data collected was used to assess the battery's state of health. Furthermore, the relationship between the state of health, state of charge, and internal resistance was analyzed, enabling more effective monitoring and extending the battery's lifespan.