Advanced Array-Based 4×4 SRR Fractal and MPA Antennas for S Band Applications

Aim: The key objective of this study is to compare the performance of a 4x4 SRR microstrip array antenna and a novel 4x4 SRR fractal array-based array antenna regarding VSWR and return loss (RL) within the S-band frequency range of 2–3 GHz. Both antennas are designed for a characteristic impedance of 50 O. Materials and Methods: Two groups were considered: Group 1 evaluated the novel 4x4 SRR fractal array-based array antenna, while Group 2 examined the 4x4 SRR microstrip array antenna. A total of 80 samples, with 40 samples in each group, were analyzed. Predefined values for alpha (0.05), beta (0.2), and a pre-test power of 80% were used in the analysis. Result: In terms of return loss and VSWR, the novel 4x4 SRR fractal array-based array antenna outperformed the microstrip array antenna. The fractal array achieved a return loss of - 25.5221 dB and VSWR of 1.1118, compared to the microstrip array's return loss of -19.4790 dB and VSWR of 1.2456. Both results were statistically significant, with p-values < 0.05. Conclusion: The new 4x4 SRR fractal array-based array antenna demonstrated superior performance over the 4x4 SRR microstrip array antenna. Based on these results, the fractal array antenna is more suitable for S-band applications.