Comparative Analysis of 1-Phase and 3-Phase Charging Systems in Electrical Battery Vehicles

Electric vehicles (EVs) are set to play a significant role in the energy transition of the global transportation sector, driven by their swift expansion. Over the past decade, EV technology has made considerable progress, largely thanks to advancements in various systems. These include improvements in charging infrastructure, control systems, and battery management technologies. The continuous development of these frameworks has helped make EVs more efficient, reliable, and accessible. As a result, EVs are becoming a practical and eco-friendly alternative to traditional vehicles, contributing significantly to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. This paper explores the challenge of efficient EV charging. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) classifies charging systems into three distinct categories. In Category 1 and Category 2 charging systems, single-phase AC as input. In Category 3 charging system uses a 3-phase source as input. The charging system is composed of two diode bridge rectifiers, a power factor correction (PFC) boost converter, a DC/AC inverter, an LLC resonant converter, and a high-frequency transformer. The DC/AC inverter uses constant current/constant voltage (CC/CV) control. Various charging system configurations are modeled using MATLAB/Simulink software, and their performance results are analyzed.