DebriSense: THz-Based Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) for Debris Detection and Classification in the Internet of Space (IoS)

This paper introduces DebriSense-THz, an integrated sensing and communications approach for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, leveraging high-frequency waveforms for debris detection and classification. We develop a complete channel model capturing reflection, scattering, and diffraction from various debris materials, while machine learning algorithms analyze Channel State Information to distinguish debris types. The proposed framework is tested under realistic conditions, including different MIMO configurations and debris densities, demonstrating robust performance even as orbital congestion increases. In particular, the system achieves heightened detection accuracy at higher frequencies, balancing communication reliability with sensing precision. DebriSense-THz thus offers a scalable solution for real-time orbital debris assessment, paving the way for more effective mitigation strategies and sustained satellite operations in crowded LEO environments. Additionally, an adaptive design leverages frequency agility and dynamic MIMO configurations to accommodate varying debris densities and mission priorities. DebriSense-THz significantly advances space situational awareness by integrating THz communications with robust sensing capabilities in LEO’s challenging environment.