Performance Analysis of Yagi and Helix Antennas at 7.2 GHz with Far-Field Propagation Evaluation

This paper presents the design, simulation, and performance evaluation of a Yagi antenna and a helix antenna operating at 7.2 GHz using Computer Simulation Technology (CST). The Yagi antenna, consisting of one driven element, one reflector, and two directors, achieves a gain of 4.52 dB, while the helix antenna, comprising five turns, demonstrates a gain of 8.35 dB. The far-field regions for both antennas are calculated, with the Yagi antenna functioning as the transmitter and the helix antenna as the receiver to analyze the electric field (E-field) propagation. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of return loss, gain, directivity, radiation efficiency, and propagation characteristics. Results reveal that while the helix antenna offers superior gain and directivity, its impedance matching requires optimization for better return loss performance. While the Helix antenna offers superior gain and circular polarization, it exhibits a higher return loss (-13.46 dB), indicating suboptimal impedance matching. This describes the advantages of using a helix antenna for applications demanding high gain and circular polarization. Additionally, the path loss analysis highlights the impact of antenna gains on reducing system path loss, enhancing overall communication efficiency. This research provides valuable insights into the design and optimization of high-gain antennas for wireless communication systems.