Essential Oils, Phenolic Contents, and Antimicrobial Activities of <i>Vicia Bithynica</i> L. and <i>Vicia cracca</i> L. subsp. <i>Cracca</i>

This study aimed to determine the essential oils (EOs), phenolic content, and antimicrobial activity of Vicia bithynica L. and V. cracca L. subsp. cracca. The chemical composition of the EOs was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis. The significant components occurring in the EO of V. bithynica and V. cracca subsp. cracca were (E)-β-ocimine (24.7%) and 2-ethylfuran (27.3%), respectively. The phenolic contents for the methanol extracts of V. bithynica and V. cracca subsp. cracca was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and sinapic acid (1.69 and 0.31 mg/g, respectively) was the main compound. The antimicrobial activities of the EOs and solvent extracts (n-hexane, acetonitrile, and methanol) of both species were tested against nine microorganisms. Among the extracts, the strongest activities were found in n-hexane and acetonitrile extracts of V. bithynica against Mycobacterium smegmatis and Candida albicans, with a minima inhibitory concentration activity value of 30 µg/mL.