Transformation of Waste Cotton Fabrics into Paper‐Like Writable Surfaces: Physical and Chemical Modifications

Abstract This study explores the preparation of biodegradable textile composites using cellulose‐based polymers and zinc borate (ZnB) mixtures on commercial cotton woven fabrics. Both physical and chemical coating techniques were employed to enhance the functionality of cotton while maintaining its biodegradability. By varying component amounts and application methods, such as applying selective oxidation pretreatment to the cotton before the investigations using mild NaIO 4 and NaClO 2 oxidants and the content of ZnB used in the physical or chemical modifications, optimal coating conditions were determined. Thus, surface properties were modified to enable ink writing, potentially offering an alternative to traditional paper. Pure and pretreated cotton fabrics treated with pure or oxidized bamboo cellulose dispersions in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) with ZnB were characterized using XRD, ATR‐FTIR, SEM, and water contact angle measurements. Mechanical properties were assessed via tensile testing. Ink adhesion durability under washing and rubbing conditions was evaluated using optical microscopy and colorimetry. Results demonstrate that these modified cotton textiles hold promise as sustainable alternatives to paper, following straightforward green modification processes.