Protective role of Terminalia chebula and coconut oil in acute lung injury: Bioactive compound analysis and histopathological evidence

Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) are critical conditions involving severe lung inflammation and impaired gas exchange. They are often triggered by sepsis, pneumonia, or trauma. Current therapies mainly provide supportive care without addressing the root inflammatory causes. Natural compounds with anti-inflammatory properties are being explored as adjunct treatments. Terminalia chebula (Haritaki), a key medicinal plant in traditional Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine and virgin coconut oil are rich in bioactive known for their therapeutic and anti-inflammatory benefits. This study aimed to identify the bioactive compounds present in Haritaki using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis on an ethanol extract. The GC-MS analysis revealed 30 bioactive compounds, which were identified based on their retention times and peak areas. These compounds displayed promising pharmacological properties, suggesting their potential use in the development of novel drugs or as crude drugs. The study also investigated the therapeutic potential of T. chebula and coconut oil in a mouse model of ALI, a serious condition characterized by inflammation and impaired gas exchange, which often progresses to ARDS and is associated with high mortality rates. The histopathological analysis of lung tissues from mice indicated that the group pre-treated with T. chebula and coconut oil exhibited significant therapeutic benefits. This included a reduction in lung inflammation, improved tissue repair, and overall better histopathological outcomes. These findings suggest that T. chebula and coconut oil, either independently or in combination, may have potential as therapeutic agents for conditions like ALI and ARDS, contributing to enhanced lung health and recovery.