Algorithms for diagnosis and care of children with hemorrhagic diathesis

In the 21st century, the attitude towards the diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhagic diathesis in pediatrics has changed significantly. Proper care and preventive measures remain the cornerstone of care for children with thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopathies and hemophilia. Timely diagnosis of thrombocytopenia requires knowledge of the clinical features of the disease. In addition to hormonal therapy, the arsenal of aids for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura has been thoroughly expanded, and the principles of treatment of chronic thrombocytopenic purpura have especially changed. The pathogenetic features of the correction of acquired and hereditary thrombocytopenia defects remain not entirely resolved. Innovations have certainly affected hemophilia. Thanks to advances in bioengineering technologies, unprecedented therapeutic progress has been achieved. Drugs with new mechanisms of action have appeared, based on restoring the formation of thrombin or simulating blood coagulation factor VIII. In addition to emicizumab, which is already approved for children with severe hemophilia A, other non-replacement drugs are being evaluated in clinical trials. Gene therapy drugs have been tested in adult patients. In this review, we provide updated information on the participation of nurses in the care and treatment of hemorrhagic diathesis in children, and the rehabilitation of patients with hemophilic arthropathy.