Modeling Ethical Capital in Public Organizations: A Meta-Synthesis Approach to Ethical Excellence

Ethical capital comprises a set of values, norms, and ethical principles that enhance social cohesion, public trust, and collaboration among individuals within an organization. The present study aims to model ethical capital in public organizations through a meta-synthesis approach focused on ethical excellence. This research employs a qualitative methodology, wherein the researcher conducts a systematic review and meta-synthesis to analyze the results and findings of previous studies. The seven-step method proposed by Sandelowski and Barroso (2007) is utilized to complete the research process. A total of 37 components related to ethical capital are identified and categorized into four dimensions: individual capital (comprising 9 components), cultural capital (comprising 5 components), psychological capital (comprising 11 components), and social capital (comprising 10 components). To enhance ethical capital, it is recommended to develop a comprehensive, transparent, and codified ethical framework and guideline that delineates expected behaviors and performances for all employees and is provided as an official directive to all members.