Development and characterization of Neem and Arjuna filler composite for sustainable applications

This study investigates the development and characterization of neem and Arjuna bark filler composite, emphasizing sustainable material innovation. The bio composites were synthesized using a hand lay-up method with varying cellulose fiber compositions and an epoxy resin-hardener matrix. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, thermal analyses (TGA, DSC), and biodegradability testing, were employed to assess structural, mechanical, and thermal properties. Results revealed that Arjuna filler composite (AFC) samples exhibited the highest impact strength (14.56 kJ/m 2 ) compared to Neem filler composite (NFC) (5.18 kJ/m 2 ), attributed to stronger interfacial bonding. FTIR analysis identified functional groups such as hydroxyl and carbonyl, confirming cellulose integration. XRD patterns demonstrated the crystalline nature of cellulose, with neem and arjuna filler composite (NAFC) showing intermediate structural modifications. SEM-EDX analysis highlighted surface morphology differences and elemental compositions, with NAFC presenting a balanced carbon-oxygen ratio indicative of homogeneity. Thermal analysis revealed enhanced stability in AFC (degradation onset at ∼363.3°C) compared to NFC (∼374.8°C), with DSC indicating significant energy absorption during transitions. Biodegradability tests indicated moderate weight changes over 32 days, with Neem and Arjuna composites demonstrating synergistic effects in microbial activity and water absorption. These results underscore the potential of NC and AC-based bio composite as eco-friendly applications in sustainable packaging, eco-friendly flooring and panel, light-weight composite parts and material innovation. This research advances the utilization of agricultural waste for high-performance biodegradable materials, addressing pressing environmental concerns. This study introduces a novel approach to developing eco-friendly applications by integrating filler from neem and Arjuna bark, achieving enhanced mechanical, thermal, and biodegradable properties for sustainable material innovation. • Neem Arjuna Composite degrades at ∼363.3°C, more stable than Neem-only. • XRD shows Neem Arjuna Composites have distinct crystal structure changes. • FTIR confirms O-H, C=O groups, indicating cellulose group integration. • SEM-EDX shows rough surface in Arjuna filler, aiding strength increase.